What are the uses and applications of Screen Printed Electrodes (SPE)?

Applications of SPE based electrochemical sensors:

Electrochemical sensors based on SPEs are more efficient and convenient in performing point of care analysis using electrochemical techniques compared to traditional benchtop experiments.

• Food industries – To examine the ageing, sulphites level, and allergenic protein in wine samples.
• Environmental monitoring – Organic, inorganic, and biological pollutants can occur in soil and water. SPE based sensors are employed in the detection of pesticide and herbicide contamination in soil as well as the monitoring of heavy metals such as Hg²⁺, Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Cd²⁺ in water.
• Forensic Electrochemistry – SPE based sensors are used to identify narcotics substances including MDMA, cannabinoids, piperazines, cathinones, and cocaine.
• Pathogen electroanalysis – SPE based sensors assist in minimizing analytical time and eliminate sample preparation. It is also helpful in overcoming the biofouling effect in complex media and clinical samples.

[Reference: 10.1016/j.talo.2021.100032 ]